FahamLah

Glossary

Every Git word in this course, in plain words.

.gitattributes
A file in your repo that tells Git how to treat some files, like line endings or binary files.
In BM lessons: .gitattributes: Fail dalam repo yang beritahu Git cara layan fail tertentu, contohnya hujung baris atau fail binari.
.gitignore
A file that lists things Git should never save.
In BM lessons: .gitignore: Fail yang senaraikan benda yang Git tak patut simpan.
action
A ready-made step someone shared. You borrow it with uses:.
In BM lessons: action: Langkah siap pakai yang orang kongsi. Anda pinjam dengan uses:.
alert
A coloured Markdown box for a note, tip or warning, like > [!WARNING].
In BM lessons: amaran (alert): Kotak Markdown berwarna untuk nota, tip atau amaran, contohnya > [!WARNING].
alias
Your own short name for a Git command, like git st for git status.
In BM lessons: alias: Nama pendek anda sendiri untuk arahan Git, contohnya git st untuk git status.
amend
Replace your last commit with a fixed one.
In BM lessons: amend: Ganti commit terakhir anda dengan versi yang dibaiki.
API
A service window for programs. A program asks, and the website answers with data.
In BM lessons: API: Kaunter khas untuk program. Program bertanya, laman web jawab dengan data.
artifact
Files a workflow run saves, so you can download them later.
In BM lessons: artifact (artifak): Fail yang larian workflow simpan, supaya anda boleh muat turun kemudian.
bare repository
A repo with only the .git part and no working folder, like the copy on a server.
In BM lessons: repo bare (bare repository): Repo yang ada bahagian .git sahaja, tanpa folder kerja, macam salinan di pelayan.
bisect
Finding the commit that broke something by testing the middle, again and again.
In BM lessons: bisect: Cari commit yang merosakkan sesuatu dengan uji yang tengah, berulang kali.
blame
Shows who last changed each line of a file, and in which commit.
In BM lessons: blame: Tunjuk siapa ubah setiap baris fail kali terakhir, dan dalam commit mana.
blob
An object that holds the content of one file. No name, just the content.
In BM lessons: blob: Objek yang simpan isi satu fail. Tiada nama, isi sahaja.
branch
A storyline of commits. Each branch has a name, like main.
In BM lessons: branch: Jalan cerita lain untuk cuba benda baru.
branch protection
Rules on a branch, like: no merging without a review and passing checks.
In BM lessons: perlindungan branch: Peraturan pada branch, contohnya: tak boleh merge tanpa review dan semakan yang lulus.
cache
Saved downloads that make the next run faster.
In BM lessons: cache: Muat turun yang disimpan, supaya larian seterusnya lebih laju.
changelog
A list of the changes in each version, written for people.
In BM lessons: changelog (log perubahan): Senarai perubahan dalam setiap versi, ditulis untuk manusia.
cherry-pick
Copy one commit from another branch onto yours.
In BM lessons: cherry-pick: Salin satu commit dari branch lain ke branch anda.
clean
Delete untracked junk files.
In BM lessons: clean: Padam fail sampah yang tak dijejak.
clone
Copy a whole project to your computer.
In BM lessons: clone: Salin seluruh projek ke komputer anda.
closing keyword
Words like Closes #9 in a pull request. When it merges into the default branch, issue 9 closes.
In BM lessons: kata kunci penutup: Perkataan seperti Closes #9 dalam pull request. Bila ia merge ke branch utama, issue 9 ditutup.
code review
Reading a teammate's changes before they join main, then commenting, approving or asking for changes.
In BM lessons: code review (semakan kod): Baca perubahan rakan sebelum ia masuk ke main, kemudian komen, luluskan atau minta perubahan.
code scanning
Automatic checks, like CodeQL, that look for security problems in your code.
In BM lessons: code scanning (imbasan kod): Semakan automatik, contohnya CodeQL, yang cari masalah keselamatan dalam kod anda.
CODEOWNERS
A file that says who owns which files. Owners are asked to review changes to them.
In BM lessons: CODEOWNERS: Fail yang beritahu siapa pemilik fail mana. Pemilik diminta review perubahan pada fail itu.
CodeQL
GitHub's code detective. It turns code into data and asks questions to find risky code.
In BM lessons: CodeQL: Detektif kod GitHub. Ia jadikan kod sebagai data dan tanya soalan untuk cari kod berisiko.
Codespace
A computer in the cloud, set up for your repo, with an editor and a terminal.
In BM lessons: Codespace: Komputer di awan yang siap untuk repo anda, dengan editor dan terminal.
coding agent
An AI helper that works on a task by itself, then opens a pull request for you to review.
In BM lessons: coding agent (ejen pengekodan): Pembantu AI yang buat tugas sendiri, kemudian buka pull request untuk anda semak.
command
An instruction you type, like git status.
In BM lessons: arahan: Perintah yang anda taip, contohnya git status.
commit
A save point, like in a game. A photo of the box.
In BM lessons: commit: Titik simpan, macam save point dalam game.
commit message
A short note that says what a commit changed.
In BM lessons: mesej commit: Nota pendek yang terangkan apa yang commit itu ubah.
config
Git's settings, like your name and email.
In BM lessons: config: Tetapan Git, contohnya nama dan e-mel anda.
conflict
Two changes hit the same spot. You pick what stays.
In BM lessons: konflik: Dua perubahan bertembung di tempat sama.
conflict markers
The lines <<<<<<<, ======= and >>>>>>> that Git puts around a clash.
In BM lessons: penanda konflik: Baris <<<<<<<, ======= dan >>>>>>> yang Git letak di sekeliling pertembungan.
continuous delivery / deployment (CD)
A robot ships your tested changes, so users get them fast.
In BM lessons: continuous delivery / deployment (CD): Robot hantar perubahan yang dah diuji, supaya pengguna cepat dapat.
continuous integration (CI)
A robot tests every change as soon as you push it.
In BM lessons: continuous integration (CI): Robot uji setiap perubahan sebaik sahaja anda push.
CONTRIBUTING.md
The house rules for helpers: how to report, change and send work.
In BM lessons: CONTRIBUTING.md: Peraturan rumah untuk pembantu: cara melapor, mengubah dan menghantar kerja.
contribution graph
A calendar of green squares on your profile. Each square shows one day of activity.
In BM lessons: graf sumbangan (contribution graph): Kalendar petak hijau di profil anda. Setiap petak tunjuk aktiviti satu hari.
Conventional Commits
A simple style for messages: feat:, fix:, docs: and more.
In BM lessons: Conventional Commits: Gaya mudah untuk mesej: feat:, fix:, docs: dan lain-lain.
cron
A short time code: minute, hour, day, month, weekday. Example: 30 1 * * 1.
In BM lessons: cron: Kod masa ringkas: minit, jam, hari, bulan, hari minggu. Contoh: 30 1 * * 1.
Dependabot
GitHub's helper that warns about unsafe packages and can open pull requests to update them.
In BM lessons: Dependabot: Pembantu GitHub yang beri amaran tentang pakej tak selamat dan boleh buka pull request untuk kemas kini.
dependency
Code written by others that your project uses, like a package.
In BM lessons: dependency: Kod tulisan orang lain yang projek anda guna, contohnya pakej.
detached HEAD
HEAD points at a commit, not a branch. Good for looking around.
In BM lessons: HEAD terlerai (detached HEAD): HEAD tunjuk ke commit, bukan branch. Sesuai untuk tengok-tengok.
diff
The difference between two versions, line by line.
In BM lessons: diff: Beza antara dua versi, baris demi baris.
Discussions
A forum inside a repo for questions, ideas and polls that are not to-dos.
In BM lessons: Discussions: Forum dalam repo untuk soalan, idea dan undian yang bukan tugasan.
draft pull request
A pull request marked as not finished. Nobody can merge it until it is ready for review.
In BM lessons: draf pull request: Pull request yang ditanda belum siap. Tiada siapa boleh merge sampai ia sedia untuk review.
environment
A named place you deploy to, like production, with its own secrets and rules.
In BM lessons: environment (persekitaran): Tempat bernama untuk deploy, contohnya production, dengan rahsia dan peraturan sendiri.
fast-forward
A merge where Git just slides your branch forward. No new commit.
In BM lessons: fast-forward: Merge di mana Git cuma gerakkan branch anda ke depan. Tiada commit baru.
feature flag
An on/off switch in your code that hides unfinished work.
In BM lessons: feature flag: Suis hidup/mati dalam kod yang sorok kerja yang belum siap.
fetch
Download news from a remote. Your own branches and files stay the same.
In BM lessons: fetch (ambil berita): Muat turun berita dari remote. Branch dan fail anda kekal sama.
fixup
Like squash, but this commit's message is thrown away.
In BM lessons: fixup: Macam squash, tetapi mesej commit ini dibuang.
folder (directory)
A place that holds files and other folders.
In BM lessons: folder (direktori): Tempat yang simpan fail dan folder lain.
force push
Make the remote branch match yours, even if that throws away commits there.
In BM lessons: force push (push paksa): Paksa branch remote jadi sama dengan branch anda, walaupun commit di sana terbuang.
fork
Your own copy of someone else's project, in your account.
In BM lessons: fork: Salinan projek orang lain dalam akaun anda.
garbage collection (gc)
Git tidying up: packing objects and throwing away ones nothing can reach.
In BM lessons: kutipan sampah (gc): Git mengemas: padatkan objek dan buang objek yang tiada siapa boleh capai.
gist
A tiny repo for sharing a snippet or a few files. Secret gists are not private.
In BM lessons: gist: Repo kecil untuk kongsi sedikit kod atau beberapa fail. Gist rahsia bukan peribadi.
Git
A free tool on your computer that saves versions of your project.
In BM lessons: Git: Alat percuma dalam komputer anda yang simpan versi projek.
Git Credential Manager (GCM)
A helper that signs Git in to GitHub through your browser and remembers it safely.
In BM lessons: Git Credential Manager (GCM): Pembantu yang log masuk Git ke GitHub melalui pelayar dan ingat dengan selamat.
git filter-repo
A separate tool that rewrites history, for example to wipe a file from every commit.
In BM lessons: git filter-repo: Alat berasingan yang tulis semula sejarah, contohnya padam fail dari setiap commit.
Git Flow
A workflow with main, develop, feature, release and hotfix branches.
In BM lessons: Git Flow: Aliran kerja dengan branch main, develop, feature, release dan hotfix.
Git LFS
An add-on that keeps big files outside normal Git history. Git stores a small pointer instead.
In BM lessons: Git LFS: Tambahan yang simpan fail besar di luar sejarah Git biasa. Git simpan penunjuk kecil sebagai ganti.
GitHub
A website that stores Git projects online and helps teams work together.
In BM lessons: GitHub: Laman web yang simpan projek Git secara dalam talian dan bantu pasukan bekerja bersama.
GitHub Actions
GitHub's robot service. It runs your workflows on its computers.
In BM lessons: GitHub Actions: Servis robot GitHub. Ia jalankan workflow anda di komputernya.
GitHub App
A robot helper you install on chosen repos, with only the permissions it needs.
In BM lessons: GitHub App: Pembantu robot yang anda pasang pada repo pilihan, dengan kebenaran yang perlu sahaja.
GitHub CLI (gh)
A free tool that talks to GitHub from your terminal. Its command is gh.
In BM lessons: GitHub CLI (gh): Alat percuma yang bercakap dengan GitHub dari terminal anda. Arahannya gh.
GitHub Copilot
GitHub's AI helper. It suggests code, answers questions and can work on small tasks.
In BM lessons: GitHub Copilot: Pembantu AI GitHub. Ia cadangkan kod, jawab soalan dan boleh buat tugas kecil.
GitHub Desktop
A free app with buttons for Git jobs: commit, branch, push and pull.
In BM lessons: GitHub Desktop: Aplikasi percuma dengan butang untuk kerja Git: commit, branch, push dan pull.
GitHub Education
GitHub's free program that helps students and teachers.
In BM lessons: GitHub Education: Program percuma GitHub yang bantu pelajar dan guru.
GitHub Flow
A simple team loop: short branch off main, pull request, review, merge.
In BM lessons: GitHub Flow: Kitaran ringkas pasukan: branch pendek dari main, pull request, semakan, merge.
GitHub Marketplace
GitHub's shop where people share actions and apps.
In BM lessons: GitHub Marketplace: Kedai GitHub tempat orang kongsi action dan aplikasi.
GitHub Pages
Hosting that turns plain files in your repo (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) into a website.
In BM lessons: GitHub Pages: Hos yang jadikan fail biasa dalam repo anda (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) sebuah laman web.
GITHUB_TOKEN
A short-lived key each job gets. It stops working when the job ends.
In BM lessons: GITHUB_TOKEN: Kunci jangka pendek yang setiap job dapat. Ia tamat bila job selesai.
github.dev
A code editor in your browser. Press . on a repo page to open it. It has no terminal.
In BM lessons: github.dev: Editor kod dalam pelayar anda. Tekan . pada halaman repo untuk membukanya. Ia tiada terminal.
golden rule of rebase
Never rebase commits that other people already have.
In BM lessons: peraturan emas rebase: Jangan rebase commit yang orang lain dah ada.
good first issue
A label for an easy issue that a newcomer can pick up.
In BM lessons: good first issue: Label untuk issue mudah yang sesuai bagi orang baru.
hash (commit id)
A unique code that names one commit, like a1b2c3d.
In BM lessons: hash (id commit): Kod unik yang menamakan satu commit, contohnya a1b2c3d.
hook
A script Git runs by itself at a set moment, like just before a commit.
In BM lessons: hook: Skrip yang Git jalankan sendiri pada saat tertentu, contohnya sejurus sebelum commit.
hotfix
A small, urgent fix for code that is already live.
In BM lessons: hotfix: Pembaikan kecil dan segera untuk kod yang dah live.
hunk
One piece of change inside a file.
In BM lessons: hunk: Satu bahagian perubahan dalam fail.
includeIf
A config rule that loads extra settings only in some folders.
In BM lessons: includeIf: Peraturan config yang muatkan tetapan tambahan dalam folder tertentu sahaja.
interactive rebase
git rebase -i: tidy your own commits before you share them.
In BM lessons: rebase interaktif: git rebase -i: kemaskan commit sendiri sebelum anda kongsi.
issue
A to-do note on a repo: a bug, an idea or a question. The team can talk about it and close it.
In BM lessons: issue: Nota tugasan dalam repo: pepijat, idea atau soalan. Pasukan boleh berbincang dan menutupnya.
issue template
A ready-made form with blanks, so every new issue gives the details you need.
In BM lessons: templat issue: Borang siap dengan ruang kosong, supaya setiap issue baru beri butiran yang perlu.
issue type
The kind of work an issue is, like Bug, Feature or Task. Organizations set these up.
In BM lessons: jenis issue: Jenis kerja sesuatu issue, contohnya Bug, Feature atau Task. Organisasi yang sediakannya.
job
A group of steps that runs on one fresh computer.
In BM lessons: job: Satu kumpulan langkah yang berjalan pada satu komputer baru.
label
A coloured tag on an issue or pull request, like bug or documentation.
In BM lessons: label: Tag berwarna pada issue atau pull request, contohnya bug atau documentation.
licence
A file that says what others may do with your code.
In BM lessons: lesen: Fail yang beritahu apa orang lain boleh buat dengan kod anda.
line ending
The invisible mark at the end of each line. Windows uses CRLF; macOS and Linux use LF.
In BM lessons: hujung baris (line ending): Tanda halimunan di hujung setiap baris. Windows guna CRLF; macOS dan Linux guna LF.
log
The list of your commits, newest first.
In BM lessons: log: Senarai commit anda, yang terbaru dulu.
Markdown
Plain text with simple signs, like # for a heading. GitHub turns it into a neat page.
In BM lessons: Markdown: Teks biasa dengan tanda mudah, contohnya # untuk tajuk. GitHub tukar jadi halaman yang kemas.
matrix
One job recipe that runs once for each item in a list.
In BM lessons: matrix: Satu resipi job yang berjalan sekali untuk setiap item dalam senarai.
merge
Join two storylines into one.
In BM lessons: merge (cantum): Gabungkan dua jalan cerita jadi satu.
merge base
The last commit two branches share: the spot where they split.
In BM lessons: merge base: Commit terakhir yang dikongsi dua branch: tempat ia berpecah.
merge commit
A commit with two parents. It joins two branches.
In BM lessons: merge commit: Commit dengan dua induk. Ia sambungkan dua branch.
Mermaid
Text in a mermaid code block that GitHub draws as a diagram.
In BM lessons: Mermaid: Teks dalam blok kod mermaid yang GitHub lukis jadi rajah.
milestone
A group of issues and pull requests for one goal, with a progress bar.
In BM lessons: milestone: Satu kumpulan issue dan pull request untuk satu matlamat, dengan bar kemajuan.
monorepo
One repo that holds many projects, each in its own folder.
In BM lessons: monorepo: Satu repo yang simpan banyak projek, setiap satu dalam folder sendiri.
object
One thing Git stores: a blob, a tree, a commit or a tag. Its name is a hash of its content.
In BM lessons: objek (object): Satu benda yang Git simpan: blob, tree, commit atau tag. Namanya ialah hash isinya.
open source
Code anyone can read, use and help with, under its licence.
In BM lessons: sumber terbuka: Kod yang sesiapa boleh baca, guna dan bantu, ikut lesennya.
organization
A shared GitHub account for a group, with teams and roles for its members.
In BM lessons: organisasi: Akaun GitHub yang dikongsi oleh satu kumpulan, dengan pasukan dan peranan untuk ahlinya.
package
A bundle of code with a name and a version that others can install.
In BM lessons: pakej (package): Himpunan kod dengan nama dan versi yang orang lain boleh pasang.
packed-refs
One file in .git that holds many refs together, instead of one small file each.
In BM lessons: packed-refs: Satu fail dalam .git yang simpan banyak ref sekali gus, bukan satu fail kecil setiap satu.
packfile
One file that holds many objects, squeezed together. Similar versions are saved as small differences.
In BM lessons: packfile: Satu fail yang simpan banyak objek, dimampatkan bersama. Versi yang hampir sama disimpan sebagai beza kecil.
partial clone
A clone with every commit, but file contents only when you need them.
In BM lessons: partial clone: Clone dengan setiap commit, tapi isi fail hanya bila anda perlukannya.
passkey
A sign-in key kept on your device. You unlock it with your face, finger or PIN.
In BM lessons: passkey: Kunci log masuk dalam peranti anda. Anda buka dengan muka, cap jari atau PIN.
permissions
The list of what GITHUB_TOKEN may do, like read code or write to Pages.
In BM lessons: permissions (kebenaran): Senarai apa yang GITHUB_TOKEN boleh buat, contohnya baca kod atau tulis ke Pages.
personal access token (PAT)
A long secret code Git uses instead of your password. A fine-grained one opens only the repos you pick.
In BM lessons: token akses peribadi (PAT): Kod rahsia panjang yang Git guna, bukan kata laluan anda. Token fine-grained hanya buka repo yang anda pilih.
pickaxe (log -S)
A search for commits that added or removed some text.
In BM lessons: pickaxe (log -S): Carian untuk commit yang tambah atau buang sesuatu teks.
pinned repository
A repo you choose to show first on your profile. You can pin up to six.
In BM lessons: repo yang dipin (pinned repository): Repo yang anda pilih untuk dipapar dulu di profil anda. Anda boleh pin sehingga enam.
pinning (an action)
Using an action's full commit SHA, so its code can never change under you.
In BM lessons: pinning (sematkan action): Guna SHA commit penuh sesuatu action, supaya kodnya tak boleh berubah senyap-senyap.
plumbing
Git's low-level commands, like cat-file. Plain, steady output for scripts.
In BM lessons: plumbing: Arahan Git peringkat rendah, contohnya cat-file. Output ringkas dan stabil untuk skrip.
porcelain
Git's friendly everyday commands, like status and commit.
In BM lessons: porcelain: Arahan harian Git yang mesra, contohnya status dan commit.
profile README
A README in a repo named exactly like your username. It shows on top of your GitHub profile.
In BM lessons: README profil (profile README): README dalam repo yang namanya sama tepat dengan nama pengguna anda. Ia keluar di atas profil GitHub anda.
project (Projects)
A planning board or table for issues and pull requests, with columns like To do and Done.
In BM lessons: project (Projects): Papan atau jadual perancangan untuk issue dan pull request, dengan lajur seperti To do dan Done.
pull
Fetch, then join the new commits into your branch.
In BM lessons: pull (tarik): Fetch, kemudian cantum commit baru ke dalam branch anda.
pull request (PR)
Ask others to review and accept your changes.
In BM lessons: pull request (PR): Minta orang semak dan terima perubahan anda.
push
Send your new commits to a remote, like GitHub.
In BM lessons: push (hantar): Hantar commit baru anda ke remote, contohnya GitHub.
push / pull
Send to GitHub / bring in the latest changes.
In BM lessons: push / pull: Hantar ke GitHub / tarik perubahan terbaru.
push protection
GitHub blocks a push that holds a secret, before it lands.
In BM lessons: push protection (perlindungan push): GitHub sekat push yang ada rahsia, sebelum ia sampai.
qualifier
A filter in a search, like repo: or language:.
In BM lessons: qualifier (penapis): Penapis dalam carian, contohnya repo: atau language:.
range-diff
Compares two versions of a branch, commit by commit.
In BM lessons: range-diff: Banding dua versi sesuatu branch, satu commit demi satu commit.
README
The front-door file of a repo. It says what the project is and how to start.
In BM lessons: README: Fail pintu depan sesebuah repo. Ia terangkan projek itu dan cara mula.
rebase
Replay your commits on top of another branch. They become new commits.
In BM lessons: rebase: Main semula commit anda di atas branch lain. Ia jadi commit baru.
rebase and merge
Copy each commit of a pull request onto main, one by one, with no merge commit.
In BM lessons: rebase dan merge: Salin setiap commit pull request ke atas main, satu demi satu, tanpa merge commit.
ref
A name that points to a commit, like a branch or a tag.
In BM lessons: ref: Nama yang tunjuk ke satu commit, contohnya branch atau tag.
reflog
Git's diary of everywhere HEAD has been.
In BM lessons: reflog: Diari Git tentang semua tempat HEAD pernah pergi.
reftable
A newer, faster way to store refs in a few compact tables. Git 3.0 plans it for new repos.
In BM lessons: reftable: Cara baru dan lebih laju untuk simpan ref dalam beberapa jadual padat. Git 3.0 merancang guna untuk repo baru.
registry
An online shelf where packages are stored and shared.
In BM lessons: registry (rak pakej): Rak dalam talian tempat pakej disimpan dan dikongsi.
release
A GitHub page for one tagged version, with notes and files to download.
In BM lessons: release (keluaran): Halaman GitHub untuk satu versi bertag, dengan nota dan fail untuk dimuat turun.
release branch
A branch where the next version gets its last checks before it ships.
In BM lessons: release branch: Branch tempat versi seterusnya disemak kali terakhir sebelum dihantar.
release notes
A note that says what is new in one version of a tool.
In BM lessons: nota keluaran (release notes): Nota yang beritahu apa yang baru dalam satu versi alat.
remote / origin
A copy of your project on the internet, for example on GitHub.
In BM lessons: remote / origin: Salinan projek di internet, contohnya di GitHub.
remote-tracking branch
Your laptop's memory of a remote branch, like origin/main. It moves when you fetch.
In BM lessons: branch penjejak remote: Ingatan laptop anda tentang branch remote, contohnya origin/main. Ia bergerak bila anda fetch.
repository (repo)
A project folder that Git looks after.
In BM lessons: repo: Folder projek yang Git jaga.
rerere
"Reuse recorded resolution": Git remembers how you fixed a conflict and does it again next time.
In BM lessons: rerere: "Reuse recorded resolution": Git ingat cara anda baiki konflik dan buat semula lain kali.
reset
Move your branch back to an older commit.
In BM lessons: reset: Undurkan branch anda ke commit yang lebih lama.
restore
Put a file back to a saved version.
In BM lessons: restore: Kembalikan fail ke versi yang disimpan.
reusable workflow
A workflow other workflows can call, made with on: workflow_call.
In BM lessons: reusable workflow (workflow boleh guna semula): Workflow yang workflow lain boleh panggil, dibuat dengan on: workflow_call.
revert
Make a new commit that undoes an old one.
In BM lessons: revert: Buat commit baru yang membatalkan commit lama.
revision
Any way to name a commit: an id, a branch, HEAD~2, v1.0 and more.
In BM lessons: revision: Apa-apa cara untuk namakan commit: id, branch, HEAD~2, v1.0 dan lain-lain.
rotate (a key)
Cancel a leaked key and make a new one, so the old copy is useless.
In BM lessons: rotate (tukar kunci): Batalkan kunci yang bocor dan buat yang baru, supaya salinan lama tak berguna.
ruleset
A named list of rules for branches or tags. Several rulesets can apply at once.
In BM lessons: ruleset: Senarai peraturan bernama untuk branch atau tag. Beberapa ruleset boleh berlaku serentak.
runner
The fresh computer that runs one job, then gets wiped.
In BM lessons: runner: Komputer baru yang jalankan satu job, kemudian dikosongkan.
secret
A password, API key or token. Whoever has it can get in.
In BM lessons: rahsia (secret): Kata laluan, kunci API atau token. Sesiapa yang ada boleh masuk.
secret scanning
GitHub reads your repo and its history, looking for leaked keys.
In BM lessons: secret scanning (imbasan rahsia): GitHub baca repo dan sejarahnya untuk cari kunci yang bocor.
security advisory
A private space to fix a security bug, then a public warning about it.
In BM lessons: security advisory (nasihat keselamatan): Ruang sulit untuk baiki pepijat keselamatan, kemudian amaran awam tentangnya.
security policy (SECURITY.md)
A file that tells people how to report security bugs privately.
In BM lessons: dasar keselamatan (SECURITY.md): Fail yang beritahu cara melaporkan pepijat keselamatan secara sulit.
Semantic Versioning (SemVer)
Version numbers in three parts: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH.
In BM lessons: Semantic Versioning (SemVer): Nombor versi dalam tiga bahagian: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH.
SHA-1
The recipe Git uses today to make a 40-character id from content.
In BM lessons: SHA-1: Resipi yang Git guna sekarang untuk buat id 40 aksara daripada isi.
SHA-256
A stronger recipe for ids, 64 characters long. Git 3.0 plans it for new repos.
In BM lessons: SHA-256: Resipi id yang lebih kuat, 64 aksara panjang. Git 3.0 merancang guna untuk repo baru.
shallow clone
A clone with only the newest commits, not the whole history.
In BM lessons: shallow clone: Clone yang ada commit terbaru sahaja, bukan seluruh sejarah.
signed commit
A commit with your digital signature, made with your private key.
In BM lessons: commit bertandatangan: Commit dengan tandatangan digital anda, dibuat dengan kunci peribadi anda.
sparse-checkout
Shows only some folders of a repo in your working folder.
In BM lessons: sparse-checkout: Papar sebahagian folder repo sahaja dalam folder kerja anda.
squash
Join a commit into the one before it, and keep both messages.
In BM lessons: squash: Gabungkan commit ke dalam commit sebelumnya, dan simpan kedua-dua mesej.
squash and merge
Merge a pull request as one single, tidy commit.
In BM lessons: squash dan merge: Merge pull request sebagai satu commit yang kemas.
SSH key
A key pair. The private key stays on your computer. The public key goes to GitHub.
In BM lessons: kunci SSH (SSH key): Sepasang kunci. Kunci peribadi kekal dalam komputer. Kunci awam diberi kepada GitHub.
staging area
A box for changes that are ready to save.
In BM lessons: kawasan staging: Kotak untuk perubahan yang dah siap.
stash
A drawer for unfinished changes. Your folder gets clean; take them back later.
In BM lessons: stash: Laci untuk perubahan yang belum siap. Folder jadi bersih; ambil semula kemudian.
status badge
A small picture in a README that shows if a workflow passes.
In BM lessons: status badge (lencana status): Gambar kecil dalam README yang tunjuk sama ada workflow lulus.
status check
The pass or fail mark a workflow puts on a commit or pull request.
In BM lessons: status check (semakan status): Tanda lulus atau gagal yang workflow letak pada commit atau pull request.
step
One task in a job: a command (run) or a ready-made action (uses).
In BM lessons: step (langkah): Satu tugas dalam job: arahan (run) atau action siap pakai (uses).
Student Developer Pack
Free offers on developer tools for verified students.
In BM lessons: Student Developer Pack: Tawaran percuma untuk alatan pembangun, bagi pelajar yang disahkan.
sub-issue
A small issue inside a bigger one. The big issue shows how many are done.
In BM lessons: sub-issue: Issue kecil di dalam issue yang lebih besar. Issue besar tunjuk berapa yang dah siap.
submodule
Another repo inside your repo, linked at one exact commit.
In BM lessons: submodule: Repo lain di dalam repo anda, dipaut pada satu commit yang tepat.
subtree
Another repo's files copied into a folder of your repo, as normal files.
In BM lessons: subtree: Fail repo lain yang disalin ke dalam satu folder repo anda, sebagai fail biasa.
suggested change
A review comment that shows the exact new line. The author can apply it with one click.
In BM lessons: cadangan perubahan: Komen review yang tunjuk baris baru yang tepat. Penulis boleh terima dengan satu klik.
tag
A name stuck on one commit, like v1.0.0. It never moves.
In BM lessons: tag (label): Nama yang dilekat pada satu commit, contohnya v1.0.0. Ia tak pernah bergerak.
task list
A Markdown list with tick boxes: - [ ] to do, - [x] done.
In BM lessons: senarai tugas: Senarai Markdown dengan kotak tanda: - [ ] belum, - [x] siap.
terminal
A window where you type commands to your computer.
In BM lessons: terminal: Tetingkap tempat anda taip arahan kepada komputer.
three-way merge
Git compares both branch tips with their merge base, then joins them.
In BM lessons: merge tiga hala: Git banding kedua-dua hujung branch dengan merge base, kemudian cantumkannya.
tree
An object that lists one folder: names that point to blobs (files) and trees (folders).
In BM lessons: tree: Objek yang senaraikan satu folder: nama yang tunjuk ke blob (fail) dan tree (folder).
trigger (event)
What wakes a workflow up, like a push, a pull request or a clock.
In BM lessons: trigger (pencetus): Apa yang kejutkan workflow, contohnya push, pull request atau jam.
trunk-based development
Everyone merges small changes into main (the trunk) at least once a day.
In BM lessons: pembangunan berasaskan trunk: Semua orang merge perubahan kecil ke main (trunk) sekurang-kurangnya sekali sehari.
two-factor authentication (2FA)
A second check after your password, like a code from your phone.
In BM lessons: pengesahan dua faktor (2FA): Semakan kedua selepas kata laluan, contohnya kod dari telefon anda.
untracked
A new file Git is not watching yet.
In BM lessons: tidak dijejak (untracked): Fail baru yang Git belum perhatikan.
upstream
The remote branch your branch follows, like origin/main. For a fork, also the usual name for the original repo.
In BM lessons: upstream: Branch remote yang branch anda ikut, contohnya origin/main. Untuk fork, juga nama biasa bagi repo asal.
variable (configuration variable)
A plain workflow setting that is not secret, like a site address.
In BM lessons: variable (pemboleh ubah): Tetapan workflow biasa yang bukan rahsia, contohnya alamat laman.
Verified badge
A label GitHub shows when a commit's signature checks out.
In BM lessons: lencana Verified: Label yang GitHub tunjuk bila tandatangan commit itu sah.
version control
A tool that remembers every saved version of your work.
In BM lessons: kawalan versi: Alat yang ingat setiap versi kerja yang anda simpan.
vulnerability
A security hole that an attacker could use.
In BM lessons: kelemahan keselamatan: Lubang keselamatan yang penyerang boleh guna.
webhook
A doorbell: GitHub calls your web address when something happens.
In BM lessons: webhook: Loceng pintu: GitHub panggil alamat web anda bila sesuatu berlaku.
wiki
Pages of long guides that live next to a repo, separate from the code.
In BM lessons: wiki: Halaman panduan panjang yang duduk di sebelah repo, berasingan dari kod.
workflow
A YAML file in .github/workflows/ that tells the robot when and what to run.
In BM lessons: workflow: Fail YAML dalam .github/workflows/ yang beritahu robot bila dan apa nak dijalankan.
working folder
Your normal files, where you edit things.
In BM lessons: folder kerja: Fail biasa anda, tempat anda buat perubahan.
worktree
An extra working folder for the same repo, on its own branch.
In BM lessons: worktree: Folder kerja tambahan untuk repo yang sama, di branch sendiri.
YAML
A simple text format made of keys, colons and spaces. Workflows use it.
In BM lessons: YAML: Format teks ringkas dengan kunci, titik bertindih dan ruang. Workflow guna format ini.